What is AL?

Adquisition Language is a process by which humans beings  acquire the capaccity to percive , and produce words to understand and consequently communicated them.

There are three theories of language acquisition:

• Imitation Theory - Children hear speech around them and copy it. When a child is raised in a English speaking environment they aquire english.  Although, mistakes such as over-generalization "goed" and "bes" are predictable and consistent.
• Reinforcement Theory - The way in which adults coach children when using language by praise and by correcting the children.  Parents may sometimes correct the truth of the statement rather than the form. The children's mistakes are often rule goverened (by perhaps always adding the suffix -ed to form past tense).
• Active Construction of a Grammar Theory - Rules are hypothesized by the linguistic inputs recognized by childrens acquiring language. As children continuously recieve lanuage input their language is revised to more and more become a model of adult grammar. This accounts for the fact that children can create novel sentences unlike those heard from adults.

 

http://sitemaker.umich.edu/nicolesling/theories_of_language_acquisition

First summary

Acquisition and Learning

Acquisition refers to the gradual development of ability in a language by using it naturally in communicative situations.

Learning applies to a conscious process of accumulation knowledge of the vocabulary and grammar of a language.

The affective Filter: Is often used to describe a kind of barrier to acquisition that results from negative feelings or experiences

Children seem to be less constrained by the affective because they are less self-conscious than teenagers.

Grammar translation Method

Is the most traditional method approach is to treat second, or foreign, language learning on a par with any other academic subject.

It consists in a long list of word and a set of grammatical rules have to memorize. It has its roots in the traditional approach to the teaching of Latin. This is not the best idea because it produces that students do not have any idea how the language is used.

Audilingual Method

This includes a systematic presentation of the structures of the L2, moving from the simple to the more complex often in the form of drills which the student had to repeat.

An example of Audio-lingual Method is when some students are in a laboratory and they have to repeat oral drills.

Communicative Approaches

This is a reaction against the artificiality of “patter-practice” and also against the belief that conscionably learning the grammar of a language will necessarily result in an ability to use the language.

Transfer: it happens when some uses any structure of the L1 language in a L2 like plurals.

For example: There are three womenS.

Positive Transfer: is when L1 and L2 have similar features then the learner can be able to understand it better. Example: In Spanish there is a word called PRODUCIR then in English this word says PRODUCE. These words have a similar writing and sound.

Interlanguage: Is a language where you can meet evidence of a language system which is neither the L1 nor the L2.

Motivation: is fundamental if you want to learn something because it produces that the students want to acquire the new language or everything.

Input: when a student receives information and he or she is able to understand it.

Output: when a student brings information and he needs to express it with other students, he has to do an interaction. This is a factor in the learner’s development of L2 abilities.

Communicative Competence

It can be defined in three components:

Grammar competence: This involves the accurate use of words and structure in the L2.

Social Linguistics Competence: This is the ability to interpret or produce the language appropriately.

Strategic Competence: This is the ability to organize a message effectively and use some strategies if you have a problem for express your ideas.

Is the ability to overcome potential communication problem in interaction.

Applied Linguistics

Study and Investigate the complex nature L2 learning

It represents an attempt to deal with a large range of practical issues involving language (not only L2 learning)

Question 1

How is language defined?

Is a social fact a natural behavior
Is a mental organ

Is an abtract object

Language can defined and consider like system of communication which the human being use sounds symbols and word for express their ideas and thought.

What is AL?

Acquisition Language is a process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive, and produce words to understand and by consequently community.

In this process human being pick up of diversity capacities including syntax phonetics and an extensive vocabulary.

Which are the different L1 and L2 ACQUISITION?

L1 is innate but L2 is acquired. It happens when someone is in a community where must speak and listen other language but when he is with his family speak his language.

L2 is used when someone is in a social community like a school L2 is learned in the school or any institute.

What are the different between acquisition and learning?

Acquisition is an unconscious process at which does not involve rule language but learning is a conscious process.

Which factor are parts of l2 learning

Transfer

Positive transfer

Speed stages.

What is interlanguage?

Is a language where you can meet evidence of a language system which is neither the L1 nor the L2