Cognitive Psychology:

Cognitive Psychology:

Noam Chomsky represents this theory like learning. He says that everybody have an attitude innate to learn a language besides he said that there was a universal grammar.

He said that all human being has ability for acquired their language and learn it.

Constructivism

Constructivism Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are names associated with constructivism.

Constructivism is a theory of knowledge that says that the human being makes information and meaning from an interaction between their experiences and their ideas.

Constructivism is divided in two forms: Cognitive Constructivism and Social Constructivism

Cognitive Constructivism is connected with the mind.

Social Constructivism its emphases is in the social interaction and cooperative learning in constructing both cognitive and emotional images of reality

Grammar translation Method

It was a Method used for a long time but it was called like Grammar translation method. It said that it was a focus on grammatical on in foreign language classrooms for the second to the native language.

It has some characteristics:

1. 1. Classes taught in the mother tongue; little use of the L2
2. 2. Much vocabulary taught in the form of list of isolated word
3. 3. Elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar
4. 4. Reading of difficult classical texts begun early
5. 5. Texts treated as exercises in grammatical analysis
6. 6. Occasional drills and exercises in translating sentences from L1 to L2.
7. 7. Little or no attention to pronunciation.

First Language Acquisition

Summary

What you know when you know a language?

Linguistic Competence: Is when someone does something but he doesn’t know how he does it. LC is ideas hidden of the knowledge.

Linguistic Performance: Is the way that we produce and comprehend language. We can see when other people realize and show all their potential in the language.

L.Competence: It is in your mine                                                                            L Performance

 It is revealed in your speech. You use Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics

Characteristics:

·         Language is Systematic and it has many levels

1. ·         It can be studied scientifically
2. ·         Their systematic rules allow us to express infinitive ideas.
3. ·         Language can vary systematically from person to person, region to region.
4. ·         It has diversity, is universal and each language have its characteristics.
5. ·         Children can learn acquire a language without they have been taught.
6. ·         Language acquisition is something innate in the human being.
7. ·         All language can change over time, whether speakers desire change it or not. 

 The Speech communication Chain: There are many types of communications systems

The key elements in any communication systems:

1. ·         Information source
2. ·         A transmitter
3. ·         A signal
4. ·         A receiver and a destination

What you know whom you know a language:

First, you know which sound are speech sounds and which sound are not

Second, you know which speech sounds are sounds of your language as opposed to some other language, and your sounds you can recognize them and produce too.

How you store your Linguistic Competence

Language only exists in the minds of its speakers.

Knowledge there is 2 parts: Lexico and Mental Grammar

Lexico: is a collection of all the word that you know.

Mental Grammar: It is made by rules

If you know a linguist you must remember that he thinks that grammar is a language system because it is a set of the entire element and rules but rules is just a statement of some pattern that occurs in a language.

The rules are in our mental grammar and these help us to produce well-formed utterance and to interpret the utterance of others.

Language Acquisition:

Children have this process because they learn a language without rules then they adquire a language because it is innate in the human being.

Language Variation: Is someone can understand other language at the same time. Because the second language is similar to his first language.

Success in Foreign Language Learning.avi

What is AL?

Adquisition Language is a process by which humans beings  acquire the capaccity to percive , and produce words to understand and consequently communicated them.

There are three theories of language acquisition:

• Imitation Theory - Children hear speech around them and copy it. When a child is raised in a English speaking environment they aquire english.  Although, mistakes such as over-generalization "goed" and "bes" are predictable and consistent.
• Reinforcement Theory - The way in which adults coach children when using language by praise and by correcting the children.  Parents may sometimes correct the truth of the statement rather than the form. The children's mistakes are often rule goverened (by perhaps always adding the suffix -ed to form past tense).
• Active Construction of a Grammar Theory - Rules are hypothesized by the linguistic inputs recognized by childrens acquiring language. As children continuously recieve lanuage input their language is revised to more and more become a model of adult grammar. This accounts for the fact that children can create novel sentences unlike those heard from adults.

 

http://sitemaker.umich.edu/nicolesling/theories_of_language_acquisition

First summary

Acquisition and Learning

Acquisition refers to the gradual development of ability in a language by using it naturally in communicative situations.

Learning applies to a conscious process of accumulation knowledge of the vocabulary and grammar of a language.

The affective Filter: Is often used to describe a kind of barrier to acquisition that results from negative feelings or experiences

Children seem to be less constrained by the affective because they are less self-conscious than teenagers.

Grammar translation Method

Is the most traditional method approach is to treat second, or foreign, language learning on a par with any other academic subject.

It consists in a long list of word and a set of grammatical rules have to memorize. It has its roots in the traditional approach to the teaching of Latin. This is not the best idea because it produces that students do not have any idea how the language is used.

Audilingual Method

This includes a systematic presentation of the structures of the L2, moving from the simple to the more complex often in the form of drills which the student had to repeat.

An example of Audio-lingual Method is when some students are in a laboratory and they have to repeat oral drills.

Communicative Approaches

This is a reaction against the artificiality of “patter-practice” and also against the belief that conscionably learning the grammar of a language will necessarily result in an ability to use the language.

Transfer: it happens when some uses any structure of the L1 language in a L2 like plurals.

For example: There are three womenS.

Positive Transfer: is when L1 and L2 have similar features then the learner can be able to understand it better. Example: In Spanish there is a word called PRODUCIR then in English this word says PRODUCE. These words have a similar writing and sound.

Interlanguage: Is a language where you can meet evidence of a language system which is neither the L1 nor the L2.

Motivation: is fundamental if you want to learn something because it produces that the students want to acquire the new language or everything.

Input: when a student receives information and he or she is able to understand it.

Output: when a student brings information and he needs to express it with other students, he has to do an interaction. This is a factor in the learner’s development of L2 abilities.

Communicative Competence

It can be defined in three components:

Grammar competence: This involves the accurate use of words and structure in the L2.

Social Linguistics Competence: This is the ability to interpret or produce the language appropriately.

Strategic Competence: This is the ability to organize a message effectively and use some strategies if you have a problem for express your ideas.

Is the ability to overcome potential communication problem in interaction.

Applied Linguistics

Study and Investigate the complex nature L2 learning

It represents an attempt to deal with a large range of practical issues involving language (not only L2 learning)

Question 1

How is language defined?

Is a social fact a natural behavior
Is a mental organ

Is an abtract object

Language can defined and consider like system of communication which the human being use sounds symbols and word for express their ideas and thought.

What is AL?

Acquisition Language is a process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive, and produce words to understand and by consequently community.

In this process human being pick up of diversity capacities including syntax phonetics and an extensive vocabulary.

Which are the different L1 and L2 ACQUISITION?

L1 is innate but L2 is acquired. It happens when someone is in a community where must speak and listen other language but when he is with his family speak his language.

L2 is used when someone is in a social community like a school L2 is learned in the school or any institute.

What are the different between acquisition and learning?

Acquisition is an unconscious process at which does not involve rule language but learning is a conscious process.

Which factor are parts of l2 learning

Transfer

Positive transfer

Speed stages.

What is interlanguage?

Is a language where you can meet evidence of a language system which is neither the L1 nor the L2

                                                                                                                                                                        

TEACHING PHILOSOPHY

In my opinion, I would like to be a good teacher beacause I would like to help my students when they don´t understand something.I would like to teach them a lot of things which they can develop their abilities and talents with the English.

I think if I give a clear knowledge for them, they will be able to do and practice the best way their English. In my experience it was not this way. On the other hand I think if I can give a positive message using English my students will be able to learn and they will want to use it.

The most probable I will use different strategies like Flash card and the theater or any tecnics like symbols or material because I think that students need to express their ideas but they don´t know how get control themselves when they need to speak or give an idea, then it produces errors and they feel shamed..

I want to be a positive teacher and enthusiastic for them.